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Excel 2007 More Drawing Tools Options

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Spreadsheet, part of Microsoft Office

Microsoft Surpass
Microsoft Office Excel (2022–present).svg
Microsoft Excel.png

A simple line chart being created in Excel, track happening Windows 10
Developer(s) Microsoft
Initial issue 1987; 35 old age ago  (1987)
Static tone ending

2103 (16.0.13901.20400) / April 13, 2022; 8 months ago  (2022-04-13) [1]

Operative system Microsoft Windows
Type Spreadsheet
License Trialware[2]
Website products.office.com/en-U.S./excel
Microsoft Surpass for Mack
Excel for Mac screenshot.png

Excel for Macintosh (adaptation 16.44), running on macOS Mojave 10.14.6
Developer(s) Microsoft
Initial release September 30, 1985; 36 years ago  (1985-09-30)
Stable release

16.56 (Build 21121100) / December 14, 2022; 18 days ago  (2022-12-14) [3]

Operational organization macOS
Type Spreadsheet
Permit Proprietary commercial software
Website products.office.com/macintosh
Microsoft Surpass for Android
Developer(s) Microsoft Corporation
Stable release

16.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2022; 10 years ago  (2022-12-22) [4]

Operating system Android Oreo cookie and later o
Type Spreadsheet
License Branded commercial software system
Website products.office.com/en-the States/excel
Microsoft Surpass for iOS
Developer(s) Microsoft Corporation
Stable tone ending

2.56 / December 12, 2022; 20 days agone  (2022-12-12) [5]

Operating system iOS 14 surgery late
IPadOS 14 operating theater later
Type Spreadsheet
License Proprietary commercial software
Website products.office.com/en-United States/excel

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It features reckoning, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro scheduling language titled Visual Alkaline for Applications (VBA). Excel forms set forth of the Microsoft Office suite of software.

Features

Basic operation

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of completely spreadsheets,[6] using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations care arithmetic operations. IT has a barrage fire of supplied functions to answer statistical, applied science, and financial needs. In addition, IT can display information as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a rattling minor three-dimensional graphical expose. It allows sectioning of information to reckon its dependencies on single factors for antithetical perspectives (victimization pivot tables and the scenario managing director).[7] [8] A PivotTable is a tool for information analytic thinking.[9] IT does this by simplifying turgid information sets via PivotTable fields[10] It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing the user to engage a wide variety of mathematical methods, e.g., for resolution differential equations of mathematical physics,[11] [12] and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that put up completely blot out the spreadsheet from the substance abuser, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a and then-called application, or decision support organization (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for instance, a stock analyzer,[13] surgery in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports.[14] [15] In a Thomas More elaborate realization, an Surpass application can mechanically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,[16] break down the results, make a Word of honor report surgery PowerPoint swoop show, and e-mail these presentations regularly to a list of participants. Excel was non designed to be used as a database.[ reference needed ]

Microsoft allows for a number of facultative control-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts.[17]

Functions

Stand out 2022 has 484 functions.[18] Of these, 360 existed prior to Stand out 2010. Microsoft classifies these functions in 14 categories. Of the 484 stream functions, 386 English hawthorn be called from VBA as methods of the targe "WorksheetFunction"[19] and 44 take the same names equally VBA functions.[20]

With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will become Turing fleshed out.[21]

Macro programming

VBA programming

Use of a user-defined function sq(x) in Microsoft Excel. The named variables x & y are known in the Public figure Coach. The function sq is introduced using the Visual Basic editor equipped Stand out.

Subroutine in Excel calculates the square of named chromatography column variable x read from the spreadsheet, and writes it into the named column unsettled y.

The Windows adaptation of Excel supports programming finished Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is uneasy or insufferable with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write write in code directly using the Visual Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing code, debugging encode, and encode module organization environment. The user can implement numerical methods also as automating tasks much as formatting OR data organization in VBA[22] and guide the calculation using any coveted intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet.

VBA was removed from Mac Surpass 2008, as the developers did not believe that a timely release would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mack OS X. VBA was restored in the next interlingual rendition, Mack Excel 2011,[23] although the build lacks suffer for ActiveX objects, impacting some inebriated level developer tools.[24]

A informal and easy way to generate VBA computer code is by using the Macro Recorder.[25] The Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions can then be repeated mechanically by running the macro. The macros can as wel be coupled to different trigger types the likes of keyboard shortcuts, a command release or a graphic. The actions in the big can be dead from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro keister as wel be emended in the VBE. Reliable features so much as loop functions and screen prompt by their own properties, and some written display items, cannot be prerecorded only moldiness be entered into the VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced users throne employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or changed.

Macro Recorded code may non make up compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel 2010 cannot cost used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may not be retroflexed compatible.

VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Aim Model,[26] a vocabulary identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for example, through customized toolbars or command bars and substance boxes). Substance abuser-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and lock like macros generated using the macro recording equipment, but are more flexible and efficient.

Chronicle

From its first version Excel supported end-substance abuser programming of macros (automation of continual tasks) and user-defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in function library). In betimes versions of Excel, these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had formula phrase structure and resided in the cells of special-role macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default large language for Excel through with Excel 4.0.[27] Beginning with interlingual rendition 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0 XLM recording was still allowed as an option. After interlingual rendition 5.0 that choice was discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2010 are open of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their use.[28]

Charts

Graph successful using Microsoft Excel

Surpass supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. It also supports Pivot Charts that tolerate for a chart to be linked directly to a Pivot table. This allows the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot Table.[29] The generated realistic component bottom either be embedded inside the on-line sheet surgery added as a separate object.

These displays are dynamically updated if the self-satisfied of cells changes. E.g., imagine that the big design requirements are displayed visually; then, in reply to a exploiter's change in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the aim change physique, and their points of intersection point shift, assisting the selection of the best aim.

Add-Immigration and Naturalization Service

Additional features are available using MBD-INS. Several are supplied with Surpass, including:

  • Analysis ToolPak: Provides information analysis tools for statistical and engineering analytic thinking (includes analysis of divergence and regression analytic thinking)
  • Analysis ToolPak VBA: VBA functions for Analysis ToolPak
  • Euro Currentness Tools: Conversion and formatting for euro currency
  • Solver Add-In: Tools for optimization and par solving[30]

Surpass for the web

Excel for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel lendable American Samoa part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Son and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Surpass for the web can exhibit most of the features forthcoming in the screen background versions of Excel, although information technology may not comprise able to insert or edit them. Predestinate information connections are not accessible on Excel for the web, including with charts that may use these outer connections. Excel for the network also cannot display legacy features, so much as Excel 4.0 macros or Excel 5.0 dialog sheets. There are also lilliputian differences between how some of the Excel functions work.[31]

Data storage and communication

Number of rows and columns

Versions of Excel up to 7.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214 = 16384 ) rows. Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (216 = 65536 ) rows and 256 columns (28 as label 'Quatern'). Version 12.0 onwards, including the current Version 16.x, rear end address complete 1M (220 = 1048 576 ) rows, and 16384 (214 as label 'XFD') columns.[32]

Single file formats

Excel Spreadsheet
Computer filename extension

.xls, (.xlsx, .xlsm, .xlsb - Excel 2007)
Internet media type

application program/vnd.ms-excel
Dedifferentiated Character Identifier (UTI) com.microsoft.stand out.xls
Developed by Microsoft
Type of data formatting Spreadsheet

Microsoft Excel up until 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Multiple File Format (.XLS) as its primary data format.[33] Excel 2007 uses Post Open XML every bit its elemental charge format, an XML-founded format that followed afterward a previous XML-based format named "XML Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002.[34]

Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements, Excel 2007 remained rearwards-compatible with the traditional, double star formats. In addition, about versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other legacy formats. Support for some experienced lodge formats was removed in Surpass 2007.[35] The file formats were principally from DOS-based programs.

Binary

OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format. Ii epochs of the format exist: the 97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format.[36] Microsoft has successful the Excel binary initialize stipulation available to freely download.[37]

XML Spreadsheet

The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002[34] is a simple, XML based format missing extraordinary more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though the intended data file extension for this initialize is .xml, the program also correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This feature is widely used by third-party applications (e.g. MySQL Query Web browser) to offer "exportation to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The tailing example will be aright opened by Excel if saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls: 

                        <?xml adaptation="1.0"?>            <Workbook            xmlns=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"            xmlns:o=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:business office:office"            xmlns:x=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"            xmlns:United States Secret Service=            "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"            xmlns:HTML=            "HTTP://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"            >            <Worksheet            ss:Name=            "Sheet1"            >            <Table            ss:ExpandedColumnCount=            "2"            ss:ExpandedRowCount=            "2"            x:FullColumns=            "1"            x:FullRows=            "1"            >            <Words>            <Cell><Data            ss:Type=            "String"            >Figure</Information></Jail cell>            <Cellular phone><Data            ss:Eccentric=            "Thread"            >Representative</Data></Cell>            </Row>            <Row>            <Cell><Data            ss:Case=            "String"            >Value</Data></Cellphone>            <Cell><Data            ss:Type=            "Number"            >123</Data></Cell>            </Row>            </Table>            </Worksheet>            </Workbook>

Current file extensions

Microsoft Surpass 2007, on with the unusual products in the Microsoft Office 2007 entourage, introduced new file formats. The first of these (.xlsx) is circumscribed in the Office Open XML (OOXML) specification.

Excel 2007 formats
Formatting Extension Description
Excel Workbook .xlsx The default option Excel 2007 and later workbook format. In reality, a Zip compressed archive with a directory structure of XML text documents. Functions as the primary replacement for the former positional representation system .xls arrange, although it does not support Excel macros for security department reasons. Saving equally .xlsx offers Indian file size reduction ended .xls[38]
Excel Macro-enabled Workbook .xlsm As Excel Workbook, simply with macro bear out.
Surpass Binary Workbook .xlsb As Surpass Macro-enabled Workbook, simply storing information in binary star form instead than XML documents for opening and redeeming documents more cursorily and efficiently. Intended especially for very extended documents with tens of thousands of rows, and/or several hundreds of columns. This format is real useful for shrinking prominent Excel files as is often the case when doing data analysis.
Excel Macro-enabled Template .xltm A templet papers that forms a basis for real workbooks, with macro support. The replacement for the old .xlt format.
Excel Supply-in .xlam Surpass contribute-in to ADD extra functionality and tools. Inherent macro support because of the file purpose.

Nonagenarian file extensions

Data formatting Wing Verbal description
Spreadsheet .xls Main spreadsheet format which holds data in worksheets, charts, and macros
Add-in (VBA) .xla Adds custom functionality; inscribed in VBA
Toolbar .xlb The file elongation where Microsoft Excel custom toolbar settings are stored.
Chart .xlc A chart created with data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that only saves the chart. To keep the graph and spreadsheet save as .XLS. XLC is not supported in Surpass 2007 or in any newer versions of Excel.
Dialog .xld Ill-used in older versions of Excel.
Archive .xlk A backup of an Excel Spreadsheet
Add-in (DLL) .xll Adds custom functionality; written in C++/C, Visual Basic, Fortran, etc. and compiled in to a special propulsive-link library
Large .xlm A macro is created by the user Beaver State pre-installed with Excel.
Template .xlt A pre-formatted spreadsheet created by the user or by Microsoft Excel.
Module .xlv A module is holographic in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) for Microsoft Stand out
Library .DLL Code written in VBA English hawthorn access functions in a DLL, typically this is used to access the Windows API
Workspace .xlw Arrangement of the windows of quadruplex Workbooks

Using other Windows applications

Windows applications so much as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word, as cured as Excel can pass along with each other and use each other's capabilities. The nearly common are Dynamic Data Change: although powerfully deprecated by Microsoft, this is a common method acting to send data 'tween applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring thereto as "the protocol from hell".[39] As the name suggests, it allows applications to supply data to others for calculation and display. It is very common in financial markets, organism used to connect to decisive financial data services much as Bloomberg and Reuters.

OLE Objective Linking and Embedding allows a Windows application program to control some other to enable it to data formatting or calculate data. This whitethorn take on the form of "embedding" where an application uses other to handle a task that it is more suited to, for instance a PowerPoint intro Crataegus oxycantha be integrated in an Surpass spreadsheet or vice versa.[40] [41] [42] [43]

Exploitation external data

Excel users can access external data sources via Microsoft Office features such as (for deterrent example) .odc connections improved with the Office Information Connexion file format. Excel files themselves May be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver.

Excel can accept information in real-time through several programming interfaces, which allow it to communicate with more data sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters (through addins such arsenic Exponent Plus Pro).

  • DDE: "Dynamic Data Change" uses the message expiration mechanism in Windows to allow data to course betwixt Excel and other applications. Although information technology is easy for users to produce so much links, programming so much links faithfully is so difficult that Microsoft, the creators of the system, formally refer to that Eastern Samoa "the protocol from hell".[39] In spite of its many issues DDE remains the most common way for data to reach traders in financial markets.
  • Network DDE Extended the protocol to allow spreadsheets on different computers to change information. Starting with Windows View, Microsoft no longer supports the facility.[44]
  • Veridical Time Data: RTD although in many another ways technically high to DDE, has been slow to gain acceptance, since it requires non-niggling programming skills, and when first discharged was neither adequately documented nor supported past the major data vendors.[45] [46]

Alternatively, Microsoft Question provides ODBC-founded browse within Microsoft Excel.[47] [48] [49]

Export and migration of spreadsheets

Programmers have produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in a variety of applications and environments some other than Microsoft Excel. These include opening Excel documents connected the vane using either ActiveX controls, or plugins ilk the Adobe Flash Player. The Apache POI opensource project provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files. ExcelPackage is another ASCII text file project that provides server-go with generation of Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheets. PHPExcel is a PHP library that converts Excel5, Stand out 2003, and Stand out 2007 formats into objects for reading and written material within a web application. Excel Services is a current .Cyberspace developer tool that can enhance Excel's capabilities. Excel spreadsheets can be accessed from Python with xlrd and openpyxl. js-xlsx and js-xls can vulnerable Excel spreadsheets from JavaScript.

Password aegis

Microsoft Excel protection offers several types of passwords:

  • Password to artless a text file[50]
  • Password to modify a document[51]
  • Password to unprotect the worksheet
  • Parole to protect workbook
  • Password to protect the sharing workbook[52]

All passwords except password to open a document can embody removed instantly regardless of the Microsoft Surpass interlingual rendition used to create the written document. These types of passwords are used primarily for mutual function on a document. Such password-snug documents are not encrypted, and a information sources from a set out password is saved in a written document's lintel. Password to protect workbook is an exception – when information technology is set, a papers is encrypted with the standard password "VelvetSweatshop", but since it is known to the public, it actually does not add any extra protection to the document. The just type of countersign that can prevent a interloper from gaining access to a papers is password to barefaced a document. The cryptographic strong suit of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the papers.

In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, the countersign to public is converted to a 16-bit key that can be instantly cracked. In Excel 97/2000 the password is converted to a 40-bit key, which can too be cracked precise speedily using modern equipment. As regards services that use rainbow tables (e.g. Password-Find), it takes up to different seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs lavatory brutish-force attack passwords at a rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a instant, which non single lets them decrypt a papers but also find the pilot password.

In Excel 2003/XP the encryption is slightly improve – a user can choose any encryption algorithmic rule that is available in the system (see Cryptographic Avail Provider). Due to the CSP, an Stand out single file john't Be decrypted, and thus the password to undisguised can't be abstracted, though the brute-force attack speed remains quite a high. Nevertheless, the older Excel 97/2000 algorithm is set by the default on. Thus, users who do not change the default option settings lack tried and true auspices of their documents.

The situation changed fundamentally in Excel 2007, where the modern AES algorithm with a key of 128 bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold purpose of the haschisc function SHA1 reduced the amphetamine of brute-strength attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second base. In Excel 2010, the strength of the protection past the default was exaggerated twofold due to the use of a 100,000-fold SHA1 to convince a password to a key.

Microsoft Excel Viewer

Microsoft Excel Viewer was a freeware program for Microsoft Windows for viewing and printing spreadsheet documents created by Stand out.[53] Microsoft retired the viewer in April 2022 with the last security update released in February 2022 for Excel Viewer 2007 (SP3).[54] [55]

The first version released by Microsoft was Excel 97 Viewer.[56] [57] Excel 97 Viewer was supported in Windows CE for Hand-held PCs.[58] In October 2004, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003.[59] In September 2007, Microsoft free Excel Viewer 2003 Service Pack 3 (SP3).[60] In Jan 2008, Microsoft discharged Stand out Viewer 2007.[61] In April 2009, Microsoft released Stand out Viewer 2007 Service Pack 2 (SP2).[62] In October 2011, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Religious service Pack 3 (SP3).[63]

Microsoft advises to view and print Surpass files for loose to use the Excel Mobile application for Windows 10 and for Windows 7 and Windows 8 to upload the lodge to OneDrive and use Stand out for the web with a Microsoft account to open them in a browser.[54] [64]

Quirks

In summation to issues with spreadsheets in the main, other problems specific to Excel include numeric precision, misleading statistics functions, mod function errors, date stamp limitations and more.

Numeric preciseness

Stand out maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate: the bottom line should be the same American Samoa the top line.

Despite the use of 15-figure precision, Excel can exhibit many more figures (astir to xxx) upon user request. But the displayed figures are not those actually utilised in its computations, so, for example, the dispute of two numbers may take issue from the departure of their displayed values. Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions do occur, peculiarly for precise large Oregon identical small Book of Numbers. Serious errors can occur if decisions are made based upon machine-driven comparisons of numbers (for example, using the Excel If operate), as equality of two numbers can represent unpredictable.[ citation needed ]

In the figure, the fraction 1/9000 is displayed in Stand out. Although this number has a quantitative theatrical performance that is an infinite string of ones, Stand out displays only the leading 15 figures. In the indorsement line, the number 1 is added to the divide, and again Excel displays only 15 figures. In the third line, one is subtracted from the sum exploitation Excel. Because the sum in the indorse line has only eleven 1's afterwards the decimal fraction, the difference when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is three 0's followed by a string of eleven 1's. However, the difference rumored by Stand out in the third line is three 0's followed by a string of cardinal 1's and cardinal special erroneous digits. This is because Excel calculates with about half a digit more than than information technology displays.

Excel works with a restricted 1985 version of the IEEE 754 specification.[65] Excel's effectuation involves conversions between binary and decimal representations, leading to truth that is on common better than one would expect from simple fifteen digit precision, but that can make up worse. Pick up the main article for details.

Too accuracy in user computations, the question of accuracy in Surpass-provided functions may be up. Particularly in the scene of action of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing truth for travel rapidly of calculation.[66] [67]

As many calculations in Excel are executed victimization VBA, an additional issue is the accuracy of VBA, which varies with variable type and user-requested preciseness.[68]

Statistical functions

The accuracy and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized,[69] [70] [71] [72] [73] as mishandling missing information, as returning incorrect values due to clumsy handling of round-off and large numbers, American Samoa only selectively updating calculations happening a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and American Samoa having a limited set of statistical tools. Microsoft has proclaimed some of these issues are self-addressed in Excel 2010.[74]

Excel Fashionable function error

Surpass has issues with modulo operations. In the case of excessively large results, Excel will hark back the error exemplary #NUM! instead of an answer.[75]

Fictional leap day in the year 1900

Excel includes February 29, 1900, incorrectly treating 1900 as a intercalary year, even though e.g. 2100 is correctly proofed as a non-leap year.[76] [77] The bug originated from Lotus 1-2-3 (deliberately implemented to preserve memory board), and was also intentionally implemented in Excel, for the purpose of bug compatibility.[78] This bequest has later been carried over into Office Open XML single file initialize.[79]

Gum olibanum a (non necessarily whole) number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted as a date and time are the (real) number of days aft December 30, 1899, 0:00, a non-unfavourable number little than 60 is the number of days after December 31, 1899, 0:00, and numbers with whole part 60 represent the literary composition day.

Date range

Stand out supports dates with geezerhood in the range 1900–9999, except that December 31, 1899, can be entered equally 0 and is displayed as 0-January-1900.

Converting a divide of a Clarence Day into hours, minutes and days aside treating it as a moment happening the day January 1, 1900, does non work for a Gram-negative fraction.[80]

Conversion problems

Entering text that happens to be in a form that is understood as a date, the text can exist accidentally denaturised to a standard engagement format. A similar trouble occurs when a textual matter happens to be in the form of a floating-point notation of a number. In these cases the newfangled exact textbook cannot be healed from the result. Data format the cell as TEXT in front entering ambiguous school tex prevents Excel from converting to a particular date.

This issue has caused a well famed job in the analysis of DNA, for example in bioinformatics. As first reported in 2004,[81] genetic scientists found that Excel automatically and incorrectly converts certain factor names into dates. A reexamination contemplate in 2022 found many peer reviewed scientific journal papers had been strained and that "Of the selected journals, the proportion of promulgated articles with Excel files containing gene lists that are affected aside gene name errors is 19.6 %."[82] Surpass parses the copied and pasted information and sometimes changes them depending on what information technology thinks they are. For exercise, MARCH1 (Membrane Associated Peal-CH-type feel 1) gets converted to the date March 1 (1-Mar) and SEPT2 (Septin 2) is converted into September 2 (2-September) etc.[83] While some secondary news sources[84] reported this A a defect with Excel, the original authors of the 2022 paper placed the blame with the researchers misusing Excel.[82] [85]

In August 2022 the HUGO Factor Terminology Committee (HGNC) published new guidelines in the daybook Nature regarding gene naming systematic to avoid issues with "symbols that affect data handling and retrieval." So far 27 genes have been renamed, including changing MARCH1 to MARCHF1 and SEPT1 to SEPTIN1 in order to avoid accidental spiritual rebirth of the gene name calling into dates.[86]

Errors with astronomic string section

The undermentioned functions return mistaken results when passed a drawstring longer than 255 characters:[87]

  • type() incorrectly returns 16, meaning "Error time value"
  • IsText(), when called as a method of the VBA object WorksheetFunction (i.e., WorksheetFunction.IsText() in VBA), incorrectly returns "trumped-up".

Filenames

Microsoft Excel will non open two documents with the same name and rather will display the following error:

A document with the list '%s' is already open. You cannot open 2 documents with the same name, even if the documents are in different folders. To barefaced the second document, either close the document that is currently visible, or rename cardinal of the documents.[88]

The intellect is for calculation ambiguity with coupled cells. If there is a cell ='[Book1.xlsx]Sheet1'!$G$33, and there are two books named "Book1" open, in that location is no way to tell which ane the user means.[89]

Versions

Early history

Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982. Multiplan became very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3. Microsoft released the low version of Excel for the Mackintosh on September 30, 1985, and the first Windows variant was 2.05 (to sync with the Macintosh version 2.2) in November 1987.[90] Lotus was slow to make for 1-2-3 to Windows and by the early 1990s, Excel had started to outsell 1-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve its position as a leading PC software package developer. This accomplishment solidified Microsoft as a valid challenger and showed its next of underdeveloped Graphical user interface software. Microsoft maintained its advantage with regular sunrise releases, every two long time or so.

Microsoft Windows

Surpass 2.0 is the low gear interpretation of Excel for the Intel platform. Versions prior to 2.0 were lonesome available on the Malus pumila Macintosh.

Excel 2.0 (1987)

The first Windows interpretation was labeled "2" to correspond to the Mac version. This included a run-time version of Windows.[91]

BYTE in 1989 traded Excel for Windows as among the "Distinction" winners of the BYTE Awards. The magazine stated that the port of the "extraordinary" Macintosh version "shines", with a user port equally good as or better than the original.

Excel 3.0 (1990)

Included toolbars, drawing capabilities, outlining, add-in support, 3D charts, and many many new features.[91]

Surpass 4.0 (1992)

Introduced auto-fill.[92]

As wel, an easter ballock in Excel 4.0 reveals a hidden animation of a dancing set of numbers 1 finished 3, representing Lotus 1-2-3, which is and so crushed by an Excel logo.[93]

Excel 5.0 (1993)

With version 5.0, Excel has enclosed Seeable Primary for Applications (VBA), a programming language supported Visual Basic which adds the power to automate tasks in Excel and to allow for drug user-defined functions (UDF) for use in worksheets. VBA includes a fully conspicuous integrated ontogenesis environment (IDE). Big recording can produce VBA code replicating user actions, gum olibanum allowing simple automation of regular tasks. VBA allows the instauration of forms and in‑worksheet controls to communicate with the user. The language supports consumption (only not creation) of ActiveX (COM) DLL's; later versions add underpin for course of instruction modules allowing the manipulation of basic object-oriented programming techniques.

The automation functionality provided past VBA made Stand out a target for macro viruses. This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to detect these viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to forestall the misuse by adding the ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros communicatory using a trusted certificate.

Versions 5.0 to 9.0 of Excel contain various Easter eggs, including a "Hall of Tortured Souls", a Doom-like minigame, although since version 10 Microsoft has taken measures to eliminate so much undocumented features from their products.[94]

5.0 was free in a 16-bit x86 version for Windows 3.1 and later in a 32-number version for NT 3.51 (x86/Alpha/PowerPC)

Excel 95 (v7.0)

Free in 1995 with Microsoft Office for Windows 95, this is the first of all better version afterwards Excel 5.0, as on that point is no Excel 6.0 with all of the Office applications standardizing on the one major version number.

Internal rewrite to 32-bits. Nearly no external changes, but faster and more stable.

Excel 97 (v8.0)

Included in Office 97 (for x86 and Alpha). This was a major upgrade that introduced the paper snip off office assistant and featured standard VBA used instead of national Excel Alkalic. It introduced the at once-removed Rude Speech labels.

This variation of Excel includes a flight simulator as an Easter egg.

Excel 2000 (v9.0)

Included in Office 2000. This was a minor advance simply introduced an upgrade to the clipboard where IT buttocks hold quadruplex objects at once. The Federal agency Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users, became inferior meddlesome.

Excel 2002 (v10.0)

Included in Office XP. Very minor enhancements.

Excel 2003 (v11.0)

Included in Spot 2003. Minor enhancements, the most significant being the new Tables.

Stand out 2007 (v12.0)

Included in Office 2007. This bring out was a major upgrade from the early version. Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in 2007 used the new Ribbon menu arrangement. This was different from what users were used to, and was met with heterogeneous reactions. One study reported fairly honorable acceptance by users except highly experienced users and users of Holy Scripture processing applications with a classical Weakly interacting massive particle interface, but was fewer convinced in terms of efficiency and organization.[95] However, an online survey reported that a majority of respondents had a negative opinion of the interchange, with advanced users existence "somewhat more destructive" than intermediate users, and users reporting a self-estimated reduction in productiveness.

Added functionality included the SmartArt set of editable business diagrams. Also added was an improved management of named variables through the Name Manager, and much-improved flexibility in format graphs, which allow (x, y) coordinate labeling and lines of arbitrary weight. Single improvements to pin tables were introduced.

Also like other office products, the Role Unenclosed XML file formats were introduced, including .xlsm for a workbook with macros and .xlsx for a workbook without macros.[96]

Specifically, many of the size limitations of early versions were greatly increased. To illustrate, the keep down of rows was now 1,048,576 (220) and columns was 16,384 (214; the far-right column is XFD). This changes what is a validated A1 reference versus a named range. This version made more extensive use of multiple cores for the calculation of spreadsheets; however, VBA macros are not handled in analog and XLL add‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were thread-safe and this was indicated at registration.

Excel 2010 (v14.0)

Microsoft Excel 2010 running on Windows 7

Included in Office 2010, this is the succeeding leading version after v12.0, A version number 13 was skipped.

Minor enhancements and 64-flake support,[97] including the following:

  • Multi-threading recalculation (MTR) for commonly in use functions
  • Improved pin tables
  • More conditional data format options
  • Additional persona editing capabilities
  • In-cell charts titled sparklines
  • Ability to preview ahead pasting
  • Office 2010 backstage feature for document-attached tasks
  • Ability to customize the Ribbon
  • Many an new formulas, nigh extremely specialized to improve accuracy[98]

Excel 2013 (v15.0)

Included in Power 2013, on with a lot of new tools included in that release:

  • Improved Multi-threading and Memory Competition
  • FlashFill[99]
  • Power Look at[100]
  • Top executive Pivot[101]
  • Timeline Slicer
  • Windows App
  • Inquire[102]
  • 50 new functions[103]

Surpass 2022 (v16.0)

Included in Office 2022, on with a good deal of new tools included in this button:

  • Power Enquiry integration
  • Read-only when modal value for Excel
  • Keyboard admittance for Pivot Tables and Slicers in Excel
  • New Chart Types
  • Ready data linking in Visio
  • Excel forecasting functions
  • Musical accompaniment for multi-selection of Slicer items using tactile sensation
  • Time grouping and Pivot Chart Drill Down
  • Excel data cards[104]

Excel 2022, Office 365 and subsequent (v16.0)

Microsoft no more releases Government agency or Excel in discrete versions. Instead, features are introduced automatically over meter using Windows Update. The version list corpse 16.0. Thenceforth sole the approximate dates when features appear fanny now comprise given.

  • Projectile Arrays. These are essentially Array Formulas but they "Tumble" automatically into adjoining cells and does not need the ctrl-shift-move into to make up them. Further, dynamic arrays are the nonpayment formatting, with new "@" and "#" operators to provide compatibility with previous versions. This is perchance the biggest structural modification since 2007, and is in response to a similar feature in Google Sheets. Dynamic arrays started appearing in pre-releases about 2022, and as of Butt against 2022 are available in published versions of Office 365 provided a user selected "Office Insiders".

Apple Macintosh

Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011

  • 1985 Excel 1.0
  • 1988 Excel 1.5
  • 1989 Excel 2.2
  • 1990 Surpass 3.0
  • 1992 Excel 4.0
  • 1993 Surpass 5.0 (part of Office 4.x—Final Motorola 680x0 version[105] and first PowerPC translation)
  • 1998 Excel 8.0 (part of Authority 98)
  • 2000 Surpass 9.0 (part of Office 2001)
  • 2001 Excel 10.0 (part of Federal agency v. X)
  • 2004 Excel 11.0 (part of Office 2004)
  • 2008 Excel 12.0 (component of Agency 2008)
  • 2010 Excel 14.0 (piece of Office 2011)
  • 2015 Excel 15.0 (piece of Office 2022—Office 2022 for Mackintosh brings the Mackintosh version much finisher to parity with its Windows cousin, harmonizing many of the coverage and high-level developer functions, piece bringing the medallion and styling into note with its PC counterpart.)[106]

Oculus sinister/2

  • 1989 Excel 2.2
  • 1990 Excel 2.3
  • 1991 Excel 3.0

Mobile

Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet program that backside edit XLSX files. It can edit and format school tex in cells, calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the columns, add comments, and make charts. It can't add columns or rows except at the butt against of the document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows OR columns, or add spreadsheet tabs.[107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] The 2007 version has the ability to use a full-screen mode to deal with limited sieve resolution, as well as split panes to view incompatible parts of a worksheet at one time.[110] Protection settings, zoom settings, autofilter settings, certain graph formatting, obscure sheets, and other features are not supported on Excel Unsettled, and testament equal modified upon opening move and saving a workbook.[111] In 2015, Excel Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[113] [114]

Summary

Caption: Old edition, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable variation Latest prevue version Future release
Microsoft Excel for Windows release story
Year Public figure Version Comments
1987 Stand out 2 Old version, no longer retained: 2.0 Renumbered to 2 to correspond with contemporary Mack variation. Supported macros (by and by glorious As Excel 4 macros).
1990 Surpass 3 Old version, no more maintained: 3.0 Added 3D graphing capabilities
1992 Excel 4 Old version, no more maintained: 4.0 Introduced auto-fill feature
1993 Excel 5 Old version, no more yearner maintained: 5.0 Enclosed Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and various object-oriented options
1995 Excel 95 Old rendering, no longer retained: 7.0 Renumbered for contemporary Bible version. Both programs were packaged in Microsoft Position by this time.
1997 Excel 97 Senior version, no more maintained: 8.0
2000 Excel 2000 Old version, no more maintained: 9.0 Parting of Microsoft Office 2000, which was itself part of Windows Millenary (also titled "Windows ME").
2002 Excel 2002 Old version, no longer maintained: 10.0
2003 Excel 2003 Old rendering, no longer maintained: 11.0 Released only 1 year later o to correspond better with the rest of Microsoft Business office (Word, PowerPoint, etc.).
2007 Excel 2007 Old version, no longer well-kept: 12.0
2010 Stand out 2010 Experienced version, hitherto still maintained: 14.0 Out-of-pocket to superstitions surrounding the number 13, Stand out 13 was skipped in version counting.
2013 Excel 2013 Older version, even still maintained: 15.0 Introduced 50 more mathematical functions (available as pre-packaged commands, kind of than typing the formula manually).
2022 Excel 2022 Current stable version: 16.0 Partially of Microsoft Business office 2022
Microsoft Excel for Macintosh publish history
Year Call Adaptation Comments
1985 Excel 1 Old version, no longer retained: 1.0 Initial variant of Stand out. Supported macros (later called Stand out 4 macros).
1988 Excel 1.5 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.5
1989 Excel 2 Old adaptation, no longer well-kept: 2.2
1990 Excel 3 Old interpretation, no more well-kept: 3.0
1992 Excel 4 Old version, no longer retained: 4.0
1993 Excel 5 Old version, no more maintained: 5.0 Only in stock on PowerPC-based Macs. First PowerPC version.
1998 Excel 98 Old version, atomic number 102 longer maintained: 8.0 Excel 6 and Surpass 7 were skipped to correspond with the rest of Microsoft Office at the time.
2000 Excel 2000 Old version, none longer retained: 9.0
2001 Excel 2001 Old version, zero longer maintained: 10.0
2004 Excel 2004 Old interlingual rendition, no longer maintained: 11.0
2008 Excel 2008 Old version, none longer maintained: 12.0
2011 Excel 2011 Old version, no longer well-kept: 14.0 Atomic number 3 with the Windows version, variant 13 was skipped for irrational reasons.
2022 Excel 2022 Current stable version: 16.0 As with the rest of Microsoft Office, so it is for Excel: Future release dates for the Mackintosh version are intended to correspond better to those for the Windows version, from 2022 onward.
Microsoft Stand out for OS/2 liberation history
Year Name Version Comments
1989 Excel 2.2 Old version, no thirster maintained: 2.2 Numbered in between Windows versions at the clock time
1990 Excel 2.3 Old version, no more maintained: 2.3
1991 Excel 3 Old version, none longer well-kept: 3.0 Last OS/2 version. Discontinued subseries of Microsoft Excel, which is otherwise still an actively developed program.

Impact

Excel offers some substance abuser user interface tweaks over the earliest physics spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same Eastern Samoa in the primary spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each cellular phone may arrest data or a convention, with proportionate or absolute references to some other cells.

Surpass 2.0 for Windows, which was modeled later on its Mac GUI-based counterpart, indirectly enlarged the installed base of the and so-nascent Windows environment. Excel 2.0 was released a calendar month before Windows 2.0, and the installed base of Windows was sol low at that channelize in 1987 that Microsoft had to bundle a runtime interpretation of Windows 1.0 with Excel 2.0.[115] Unlike Microsoft Word, there never was a DOS version of Excel.

Surpass became the primary spreadsheet to permit the user to define the show of spreadsheets (fonts, lineament attributes, and cell appearance). It also introduced thinking cell Ra-calculation, where only cells dependent along the cell being limited are updated (previous spreadsheet programs recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific exploiter command). Excel introduced car-fulfil, the power to drag and expand the selection box to automatically copy a cell or row contents to adjacent cells or rows, adjusting the copies intelligently by automatically incrementing cell references or table of contents. Stand out as wel introduced extensive graphing capabilities.

Security

Because Stand out is widely used, it has been attacked past hackers. While Excel is non right away exposed to the Internet, if an assailant can set out a victim to unsealed a file in Excel, and there is an appropriate security bug in Excel, and then the attacker can gain control of the victim's information processing system.[116] UK's GCHQ has a tool named TORNADO ALLEY with this purpose.[117] [118]

See likewise

  • Comparability of spreadsheet software
  • Equivalence of risk analysis Microsoft Excel add-ins
  • Numbers game (spreadsheet)—the iWork same
  • Spreadmart

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General sources

  • Bullen, Stephen; Bovey, Rob; Green, Saint John (2009). Professional Excel Exploitation: The Definitive Guide to Developing Applications Exploitation Microsoft Excel and VBA (2nd ed.). Boston: Addison Wesley. ISBN978-0-321-50879-9.
  • Fudge, Mark; Stinson, Craig (2007). Microsoft Federal agency Excel 2007 Inner Out. Redmond, Wash.: Microsoft Press. ISBN978-0-7356-2321-7.
  • Billo, E. Joseph (2011). Excel for Chemists: A All-around Guide (3rd male erecticle dysfunction.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &adenylic acid; Sons. ISBN978-0-470-38123-6.

External links

  • Microsoft Surpass – official site

Excel 2007 More Drawing Tools Options

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

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